Why Do Cats Slow Blink? A Happy Cat Expert Explains!

Have you ever seen your cat slow blinking at you? Did you know this is a way cats communicate with us?  Have you tried blinking back at them?

How Cats Communicate

Domestic cats are remarkably adaptable animals and although they are descendants of the  North African wildcat, which is largely a solitary species, domestic cats have developed the ability to live alongside other cats and also humans.

This means that our feline friends have had to develop ways of communicating and understanding both cats and humans, and although it has been recognised for a long time that dogs have a sophisticated ability to understand human emotions, as well as complex signals or cues, we surmised that cats were, perhaps, lacking in these communication skills - including understanding the human spoken word.

While there have been many studies that have helped to unlock the fascinating world of communication between humans and dogs, few people have looked at similar communication between humans and cats, despite the fact that, in many countries, cats are more commonly kept as pets and despite observations that suggest cats may also be able to detect subtle human emotions.

This situation is now beginning to change, with studies being published that give some wonderful insights into the complex world of communication and signalling between cats and humans.

What Does it Mean When a Cat Slow Blinks?

Do you know how to 'speak cat'?  Understanding your cat's body language is essential if you want to develop that special bond with your kitty.,

In a recent UK study published in the journal Scientific Reports, Tasmin Humphrey and colleagues looked at the ability of 'slow blinking' to provide communication signals between humans and cats. Slow blinking is a subtle feature that has been observed in cats for some time, and is thought to be used by cats to indicate a sense of calm and a positive emotional state. Slow blinking involves the partial or complete closure of the eyelids, performed slowly and lasting for longer than half a second (see the Figure below).

How to Slow Blink Back at Your Cat!

In these studies, cat owners were trained to perform a slow blink towards their cat. Why not try it?:

• Make sure your cat is in a receptive mood and try slow blinking at them when they are at their most relaxed. (If you are using FELIWAY Optimum, you may want to make sure you try this in the same room as your plugin, which will help your cat feel calm and serene.)
• Choose a familiar environment in the home.
• Close, or partially close, your eyes for more than half a second at a time.
• Repeat slowly a few times and look carefully to see if your cat is blinking back at you.

The study found that, in their normal home environments, cats responded to slow blink movements of owners by expressing a higher rate of slow blink movement themselves.

In addition, even though cats can normally find visitors unsettling, a separate investigation, also conducted with cats in their own homes, found that the cats were more likely to exhibit slow blinking behaviour in response to an unfamiliar person who engaged in slow blinking;  they were also more likely to approach the visitor when they held out their hand if the person was also engaging in slow blinking activity.

Slow Blinking is a Positive Sign!

Although the slow blink phenomenon has been recognised in cats for a long time, this is the first study to investigate the role of this signal in human and cat communication.

The study suggests that cats do indeed respond to slow blink movements from humans by exhibiting slow blink movements themselves; the fact that they would also approach a visitor who would slow blink at them, suggests that this activity is genuinely perceived by cats in a positive way. If your kitty is blinking at you (as in the figure below) you'll know that they are smiling, so don't forget to smile back!

Figure: The cat slow blink sequence, starting from a neutral face moving to a half blink, then towards eye closure and then eye narrowing expression. From: Humphrey, T., Proops, L., Forman, J. et al. The role of cat eye narrowing movements in cat‚ -human communication. Sci Rep 10, 16503 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73426-0 Used under Creative Commons license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

It's in the Blink of an Eye!

It seems that slow blinking is one means of communicating positive emotions both between cats, and also between cats and humans. Interestingly, slow blinking also shares some similarities with facial expressions used to communicate positive emotions in other animals, including smiling in humans that involves the eyes.

...But it's Rude to Stare!

While it is possible this form of communication between cat and human is sometimes used without the owner even being aware, knowing and understanding that facial expressions such as this can be understood by cats will be important to all cat owners, and may help enhance the cat-owner bond.  

It should also be noted perhaps, that while communicating through slow blinking requires attention and eye contact between humans and cats, it is also recognised that direct eye contact in the form of a prolonged stare can be perceived negatively and as a threatening behaviour by cats, so slow blinking needs to be used in a subtle non-confrontational way.

So try slow blinking with your cat and see if they blink back! 

Further details of the study and also videos of the cats and humans showing slow blinking movement can be found here.

Reference: Humphrey, T., Proops, L., Forman, J. et al. The role of cat eye narrowing movements in cat‚ -human communication. Sci Rep 10,16503 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73426-0